The Bakongo people's Nkisi Nkubulu looks similar to the mojo bags in Hoodoo. These spirits are contained in a bag, gourd, shells and other containers.
For example, the minkisi and nkisi are spirit containers made by hand from a root doctor. There is also a Central African influence of the mojo bag in African-American Hoodoo. Minkisi (Kongo), World Museum Liverpool - Minkisi cloth bundles were found on slave plantations in the United States in the Deep South. When Yoruba and Bakongo people were enslaved in the United States, the practice of using feathers, animal parts, animal and human bones, and other ingredients to create mojo bags continued in African-American communities in the tradition of Hoodoo. In West-Central Africa, Bakongo and Yoruba people created medicine bags using leather or cloth and placed feathers, animal parts, roots, herbs and other ingredients for protection. Enslaved people went to enslaved black Muslims for conjure services requesting them to make gris-gris bags (mojo bags) for protection against their enslavers. Some of the Mandingo people were able to carry their gris-gris bags with them when they boarded slave ships heading to the Americas bringing the practice to the United States. Mandingo people were known for their powerful conjure bags called gris-gris (later called mojo bags in the United States). The Mandigo (Mandinka) were the first Muslim ethnic group imported from Sierra Leone in West Africa to the Americas. Gullah Jack was known to carry a conjure bag with him at all times for his spiritual protection. For example, Gullah Jack was an African from Angola who carried a conjure bag (mojo bag) onto a slave ship leaving Angola for the United States. During the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, a few enslaved Africans were able to conceal their conjure bags when they boarded slave ships heading to the Americas. The practice of using gris-gris, though originating in Africa, came to the United States with enslaved Africans and was quickly adopted by practitioners of Louisiana Voodoo and Hoodoo in the United States, and Vodou in Haiti.
Historians of the time noted that they were frequently worn by non-believers and believers alike, and were also found attached to buildings. Originally the gris-gris was adorned with Islamic scripture and was used to ward off evil spirits (evil djinn) or bad luck. The gris-gris originated in Dagomba in Ghana and was associated with Islamic traditions. Sanguivorous was first recorded in English in the mid-1800s.West and Central Africans all practiced the spiritual art of creating conjure bags for protection, healing and to communicate with spirits. In this way, it should come as little surprise that cruor is distantly related to English raw (Old English hrēaw) and Ancient Greek kréas “raw flesh,” while sanguis may be a compound of the Proto-Indo-European roots for “blood” and “to pour.” While cruor survives today to some extent in modern Romance languages, it is sanguis that serves as the root of most Romance words for “blood,” such as French sang, Italian/Portuguese sangue, and Spanish sangre. Continuing a common pattern in the Indo-European language family, the Romans had two words for “blood”- sanguis and cruor-and while sanguis implicitly referred to blood inside the body, cruor referred to blood outside the body, particularly in violent contexts.
Sanguivorous “feeding on blood” is a compound of the combining forms sangui- “blood” and -vorous “devouring.” Sangui- derives from Latin sanguis, of the same meaning, but the story does not stop there.
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